Tiger Cartoon Pictures Biography
Source(Google.com.pk)
Slovenia (Listeni/sloʊˈviːniə/ sloh-VEE-nee-ə; Slovene: Slovenija, [sloˈveːnija] ( listen)), officially the Republic of Slovenia (Republika Slovenija, [reˈpublika sloˈveːnija] ( listen)), is a nation state in southern Central Europe[14][Note 2] at the crossroads of main European cultural and trade routes.[19][20] It borders Italy to the west, Austria to the north, Croatia to the south and southeast and Hungary to the northeast.[21] It covers 20,273 square kilometers (7,827 sq mi) and has a population of 2.05 million.[22] It is a parliamentary republic[23] and a member of the European Union and NATO.[24] Relative to its geography, history, economy, culture, and language, it is a very diverse country distinguished by a transitional character.[clarification needed][25] It is characterized by a high economic and social level.[26][not in citation given] Its capital and largest city is Ljubljana.[27]major European geographic units meet on the territory of Slovenia: the Alps, the Dinaric Mountains, the Pannonian Plain, and the Mediterranean, with a small portion of coastline along the Adriatic Sea.[28][29] The territory has a mosaic structure and an exceptionally high landscape[29] and biological[30][31] diversity, which are a result of natural attributes and the long-term presence of humans.[32] Although the climate in the mainly hilly[28] territory is influenced by the continental climate, the Slovene Littoral enjoys the sub-Mediterranean climate, while the Alpine climate is found in the north-western part of the country.[33] The country is one of the most water-rich in Europe,[34] with a dense river network, a rich aquifer system, and significant karstic underground watercourses.[35] Over half of the territory is covered by forest.[36] The settlement of Slovenia is dispersed and uneven.[37]The Slavic, Germanic, Romance and Finno-Ugric linguistic and cultural groups meet here.[38][39][40] Although the region is not homogenous, the predominant population is Slovene.[41] Slovene is the only official language throughout the country, whereas Italian and Hungarian are regional minority languages. Slovenia is a largely secularized country,[42] but its culture and identity have been significantly influenced by Catholicism as well as Lutheranism.[43] The economy of Slovenia is small, open, export-oriented[44] and, subsequently, strongly influenced by international conditions.[45] It has been severely hurt by the European economic crisis, started in late 2000s.[46] The main economic field is services, followed by industry and construction.[47]Historically, the current territory of Slovenia was part of many different state formations, including the Roman Empire and the Holy Roman Empire, followed by the Austro-Hungarian Empire. In 1918, the Slovenes exercised self-determination for the first time by co-founding the internationally unrecognized State of Slovenes, Croats, and Serbs, which merged with Kingdom of Serbia into Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (in 1929 renamed into Kingdom of Yugoslavia). During World War II, Slovenia was occupied and annexed by Germany, Italy, Croatia, and Hungary.[48] Afterward, it was a founding member of the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia, later renamed into Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. In June 1991, after the introduction of multi-party representative democracy, Slovenia split from Yugoslavia and became an independent country.[7] In 2004, it entered NATO and the European Union, in 2007 became the first former Communist country to join the Eurozone,[49] and in 2010 joined the OECD, a global association of high-income developed countries.[50]Present-day Slovenia was long inhabited in prehistoric times, and there is evidence of human habitation around 250,000 years ago. A pierced cave bear bone, dating from 43100 ± 700 BP, found in 1995 in Divje Babe cave near Cerkno, is possibly the oldest musical instrument discovered in the world.[51] In 1920s and 1930s, artifacts belonging to the Cro-Magnon such as pierced bones, bone points, and needle have been found by archeologist Srečko Brodar in Potok Cave.[52][53]In 2002, more than 4,500 years old remains of pile dwellings were discovered in the Ljubljana Marshes, now protected as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, along with the Ljubljana Marshes Wooden Wheel, the oldest wooden wheel in the world.[54] It shows that wooden wheels appeared almost simultaneously in Mesopotamia and Europe.[55] In the transition period between the Bronze age to the Iron age, the Urnfield culture flourished. Archeological remains dating from the Hallstatt period have been found, particularly in southeastern Slovenia, among them a number of situlas in Novo Mesto, the "Town of Situlas".[56] In the Iron Age, present-day Slovenia was inhabited by Illyrian and Celtic tribes until the 1st century BC.When the Ancient Romans conquered the area, they established the provinces of Pannonia and Noricum and present-day western Slovenia was included directly under Roman Italia as part of the X region Venetia et Histria. The Romans established posts at Emona (Ljubljana), Poetovio (Ptuj) and Celeia (Celje), and constructed trade and military roads that ran across Slovene territory from Italy to Pannonia. In the 5th and 6th centuries, the area was subject to invasions by the Huns and Germanic tribes during their incursions into Italy.The Slavic tribes migrated to the Alpine area after the departure of the Lombards (the last Germanic tribe) westwards in 568, and with aid from Avars established Slavic settlement of the Eastern Alps. The King Samo united the Alpine, Western, and Northern Slavs against the nomadic Eurasian Avars who ruled from 623 to 626 and established what is referred to as the Samo's Kingdom. After its disintegration in 658, the ancestors of Slovenes located in present-day Carinthia formed the independent duchy of Carantania.[57] Other parts of present-day Slovenia were again ruled by Avars before Charlemagne's victory over them in 803.In the mid-8th century, Carantania became a vassal duchy under the rule of the Bavarians, who began spreading Christianity. Three decades later, the Carantanians were incorporated, together with the Bavarians, into the Carolingian Empire. During the same period Carniola, too, came under the Franks, and was Christianised from Aquileia. Following the anti-Frankish rebellion of Ljudevit Posavski at the beginning of the 9th century, the Franks removed the Carantanian princes, replacing them with their own border dukes. Consequently, the Frankish feudal system reached the Slovene territory.The Magyar invasion of the Pannonian Plain in the late 9th century effectively isolated the Slovene-inhabited territory from western Slavs. Thus, the Slavs of Carantania and of Carniola began developing into an independent Slovene ethnic group. After the victory of Emperor Otto I over the Magyars in 955, Slovene territory was divided into a number of border regions of the Holy Roman Empire. Carantania, being the most important, was elevated into the Duchy of Carinthia in 976.In the late Middle Ages, the historic provinces of Carniola, Styria, Carinthia, Gorizia, Trieste and Istria developed from the border regions and incorporated into the medieval German state. The consolidation and formation of these historical lands took place in a long period between the 11th and 14th centuries, being led by a number of important feudal families, such as the Dukes of Spannheim, the Counts of Gorizia, the Counts of Celje and finally the House of Habsburg. In a parallel process, an intensive German colonisation significantly diminished the extent of Slovene-speaking areas; by the 15th century, the Slovene ethnic territory was reduced to its present size.[58]In the 14th century, most of the territory of Slovenia was taken over by the Habsburgs. The counts of Celje, a feudal family from this area who in 1436 acquired the title of state princes, were their powerful competitors for some time. This large dynasty, important at a European political level, had its seat in Slovene territory but died out in 1456. Its numerous large estates subsequently became the property of the Habsburgs, who retained control of the area right up until the beginning of the 20th century.The Ottoman army battling the Habsburgs in present-day Slovenia during the Great Turkish War.At the end of the Middle Ages, the Slovene Lands suffered a serious economic and demographic setback because of the Turkish raids. In 1515, a peasant revolt spread across nearly the whole Slovene territory. In 1572 and 1573 the Croatian-Slovenian peasant revolt wrought havoc throughout the wider region. Such uprisings, which often met with bloody defeats, continued throughout the 17th century.[58]The Slovene Lands were part of the Illyrian provinces, the Austrian Empire and Austria-Hungary (in Cisleithania). They encompassed Carniola, southern part of Carinthia, southern part of Styria, Istria, Gorizia and Gradisca, Trieste, and Prekmurje.[59] Industrialization was accompanied by construction of railroads to link cities and markets, but the urbanization was limited.Due to limited opportunities, between 1880 and 1910 there was extensive emigration, and around 300,000 Slovenes (i.e., one in six) emigrated to other countries,[60] mostly to the United States, but also to South America, Germany, Egypt, and to larger cities in Austria-Hungary, especially Zagreb and Vienna. Despite this, the Slovene population increased significantly[60] and became as socially differentiated as in other European nations.[citation needed] Literacy was exceptionally high, at 80 to 90 percent.[60]World War I resulted in heavy casualties for Slovenes, particularly on the twelve Battles of the Isonzo, which took place in present-day Slovenia's western border area. Hundreds of thousands of Slovene conscripts were drafted in the Austro-Hungarian Army, and over 30,000 of them died. Hundreds of thousands of Slovenes from Gorizia and Gradisca were resettled in refugee camps in Italy and Austria. While the refugees in Austria received a decent treatment, the Slovene refugees in Italian camps were treated as state enemies, and several thousands died of malnutrition and diseases between 1915 and 1918.[61] Entire areas of the Slovenian Littoral were destroyed.The Slovene People's Party launched a movement for self-determination, demanding the creation of a semi-independent South Slavic state under Habsburg rule. The proposal was picked up by most Slovene parties, and a mass mobilization of Slovene civil society, known as the Declaration Movement, followed.[62] This proposal was rejected by the Austrian political elites but, following the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in the aftermath of the First World War, a National Council of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs took power in Zagreb on 6 October 1918. On 29 October, independence was declared by a national gathering in Ljubljana, and by the Croatian parliament, declaring the establishment of the new State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs.On 1 December 1918 the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs merged with Serbia, becoming part of the new Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes; in 1929 it was renamed as the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The main territory of Slovenia, being the most industrialized and westernized compared to other less developed parts of Yugoslavia, became the main center of industrial production: in comparison to Serbia, for example, in Slovenia the industrial production was four times greater, and it was twenty-two times greater than in Macedonia. The interwar period brought further industrialization in Slovenia, with a rapid economic growth in the 1920s, followed by a relatively successful economic adjustment to the 1929 economic crisis and Great Depression.a plebiscite in October 1920, the Slovene-speaking southern Carinthia was ceded to Austria. With the Treaty of Trianon, on the other hand, the Kingdom of Yugoslavia was awarded the Slovene-inhabited Prekmurje region, formerly part of Austro-Hungary.Slovenes living in territories that fell under the rule of the neighboring states: Italy, Austria and Hungary, were subjected to policies of forced assimilation. In the case of Fascist Italy, they suffered violent Fascist Italianization.
Source(Google.com.pk)
Slovenia (Listeni/sloʊˈviːniə/ sloh-VEE-nee-ə; Slovene: Slovenija, [sloˈveːnija] ( listen)), officially the Republic of Slovenia (Republika Slovenija, [reˈpublika sloˈveːnija] ( listen)), is a nation state in southern Central Europe[14][Note 2] at the crossroads of main European cultural and trade routes.[19][20] It borders Italy to the west, Austria to the north, Croatia to the south and southeast and Hungary to the northeast.[21] It covers 20,273 square kilometers (7,827 sq mi) and has a population of 2.05 million.[22] It is a parliamentary republic[23] and a member of the European Union and NATO.[24] Relative to its geography, history, economy, culture, and language, it is a very diverse country distinguished by a transitional character.[clarification needed][25] It is characterized by a high economic and social level.[26][not in citation given] Its capital and largest city is Ljubljana.[27]major European geographic units meet on the territory of Slovenia: the Alps, the Dinaric Mountains, the Pannonian Plain, and the Mediterranean, with a small portion of coastline along the Adriatic Sea.[28][29] The territory has a mosaic structure and an exceptionally high landscape[29] and biological[30][31] diversity, which are a result of natural attributes and the long-term presence of humans.[32] Although the climate in the mainly hilly[28] territory is influenced by the continental climate, the Slovene Littoral enjoys the sub-Mediterranean climate, while the Alpine climate is found in the north-western part of the country.[33] The country is one of the most water-rich in Europe,[34] with a dense river network, a rich aquifer system, and significant karstic underground watercourses.[35] Over half of the territory is covered by forest.[36] The settlement of Slovenia is dispersed and uneven.[37]The Slavic, Germanic, Romance and Finno-Ugric linguistic and cultural groups meet here.[38][39][40] Although the region is not homogenous, the predominant population is Slovene.[41] Slovene is the only official language throughout the country, whereas Italian and Hungarian are regional minority languages. Slovenia is a largely secularized country,[42] but its culture and identity have been significantly influenced by Catholicism as well as Lutheranism.[43] The economy of Slovenia is small, open, export-oriented[44] and, subsequently, strongly influenced by international conditions.[45] It has been severely hurt by the European economic crisis, started in late 2000s.[46] The main economic field is services, followed by industry and construction.[47]Historically, the current territory of Slovenia was part of many different state formations, including the Roman Empire and the Holy Roman Empire, followed by the Austro-Hungarian Empire. In 1918, the Slovenes exercised self-determination for the first time by co-founding the internationally unrecognized State of Slovenes, Croats, and Serbs, which merged with Kingdom of Serbia into Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (in 1929 renamed into Kingdom of Yugoslavia). During World War II, Slovenia was occupied and annexed by Germany, Italy, Croatia, and Hungary.[48] Afterward, it was a founding member of the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia, later renamed into Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. In June 1991, after the introduction of multi-party representative democracy, Slovenia split from Yugoslavia and became an independent country.[7] In 2004, it entered NATO and the European Union, in 2007 became the first former Communist country to join the Eurozone,[49] and in 2010 joined the OECD, a global association of high-income developed countries.[50]Present-day Slovenia was long inhabited in prehistoric times, and there is evidence of human habitation around 250,000 years ago. A pierced cave bear bone, dating from 43100 ± 700 BP, found in 1995 in Divje Babe cave near Cerkno, is possibly the oldest musical instrument discovered in the world.[51] In 1920s and 1930s, artifacts belonging to the Cro-Magnon such as pierced bones, bone points, and needle have been found by archeologist Srečko Brodar in Potok Cave.[52][53]In 2002, more than 4,500 years old remains of pile dwellings were discovered in the Ljubljana Marshes, now protected as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, along with the Ljubljana Marshes Wooden Wheel, the oldest wooden wheel in the world.[54] It shows that wooden wheels appeared almost simultaneously in Mesopotamia and Europe.[55] In the transition period between the Bronze age to the Iron age, the Urnfield culture flourished. Archeological remains dating from the Hallstatt period have been found, particularly in southeastern Slovenia, among them a number of situlas in Novo Mesto, the "Town of Situlas".[56] In the Iron Age, present-day Slovenia was inhabited by Illyrian and Celtic tribes until the 1st century BC.When the Ancient Romans conquered the area, they established the provinces of Pannonia and Noricum and present-day western Slovenia was included directly under Roman Italia as part of the X region Venetia et Histria. The Romans established posts at Emona (Ljubljana), Poetovio (Ptuj) and Celeia (Celje), and constructed trade and military roads that ran across Slovene territory from Italy to Pannonia. In the 5th and 6th centuries, the area was subject to invasions by the Huns and Germanic tribes during their incursions into Italy.The Slavic tribes migrated to the Alpine area after the departure of the Lombards (the last Germanic tribe) westwards in 568, and with aid from Avars established Slavic settlement of the Eastern Alps. The King Samo united the Alpine, Western, and Northern Slavs against the nomadic Eurasian Avars who ruled from 623 to 626 and established what is referred to as the Samo's Kingdom. After its disintegration in 658, the ancestors of Slovenes located in present-day Carinthia formed the independent duchy of Carantania.[57] Other parts of present-day Slovenia were again ruled by Avars before Charlemagne's victory over them in 803.In the mid-8th century, Carantania became a vassal duchy under the rule of the Bavarians, who began spreading Christianity. Three decades later, the Carantanians were incorporated, together with the Bavarians, into the Carolingian Empire. During the same period Carniola, too, came under the Franks, and was Christianised from Aquileia. Following the anti-Frankish rebellion of Ljudevit Posavski at the beginning of the 9th century, the Franks removed the Carantanian princes, replacing them with their own border dukes. Consequently, the Frankish feudal system reached the Slovene territory.The Magyar invasion of the Pannonian Plain in the late 9th century effectively isolated the Slovene-inhabited territory from western Slavs. Thus, the Slavs of Carantania and of Carniola began developing into an independent Slovene ethnic group. After the victory of Emperor Otto I over the Magyars in 955, Slovene territory was divided into a number of border regions of the Holy Roman Empire. Carantania, being the most important, was elevated into the Duchy of Carinthia in 976.In the late Middle Ages, the historic provinces of Carniola, Styria, Carinthia, Gorizia, Trieste and Istria developed from the border regions and incorporated into the medieval German state. The consolidation and formation of these historical lands took place in a long period between the 11th and 14th centuries, being led by a number of important feudal families, such as the Dukes of Spannheim, the Counts of Gorizia, the Counts of Celje and finally the House of Habsburg. In a parallel process, an intensive German colonisation significantly diminished the extent of Slovene-speaking areas; by the 15th century, the Slovene ethnic territory was reduced to its present size.[58]In the 14th century, most of the territory of Slovenia was taken over by the Habsburgs. The counts of Celje, a feudal family from this area who in 1436 acquired the title of state princes, were their powerful competitors for some time. This large dynasty, important at a European political level, had its seat in Slovene territory but died out in 1456. Its numerous large estates subsequently became the property of the Habsburgs, who retained control of the area right up until the beginning of the 20th century.The Ottoman army battling the Habsburgs in present-day Slovenia during the Great Turkish War.At the end of the Middle Ages, the Slovene Lands suffered a serious economic and demographic setback because of the Turkish raids. In 1515, a peasant revolt spread across nearly the whole Slovene territory. In 1572 and 1573 the Croatian-Slovenian peasant revolt wrought havoc throughout the wider region. Such uprisings, which often met with bloody defeats, continued throughout the 17th century.[58]The Slovene Lands were part of the Illyrian provinces, the Austrian Empire and Austria-Hungary (in Cisleithania). They encompassed Carniola, southern part of Carinthia, southern part of Styria, Istria, Gorizia and Gradisca, Trieste, and Prekmurje.[59] Industrialization was accompanied by construction of railroads to link cities and markets, but the urbanization was limited.Due to limited opportunities, between 1880 and 1910 there was extensive emigration, and around 300,000 Slovenes (i.e., one in six) emigrated to other countries,[60] mostly to the United States, but also to South America, Germany, Egypt, and to larger cities in Austria-Hungary, especially Zagreb and Vienna. Despite this, the Slovene population increased significantly[60] and became as socially differentiated as in other European nations.[citation needed] Literacy was exceptionally high, at 80 to 90 percent.[60]World War I resulted in heavy casualties for Slovenes, particularly on the twelve Battles of the Isonzo, which took place in present-day Slovenia's western border area. Hundreds of thousands of Slovene conscripts were drafted in the Austro-Hungarian Army, and over 30,000 of them died. Hundreds of thousands of Slovenes from Gorizia and Gradisca were resettled in refugee camps in Italy and Austria. While the refugees in Austria received a decent treatment, the Slovene refugees in Italian camps were treated as state enemies, and several thousands died of malnutrition and diseases between 1915 and 1918.[61] Entire areas of the Slovenian Littoral were destroyed.The Slovene People's Party launched a movement for self-determination, demanding the creation of a semi-independent South Slavic state under Habsburg rule. The proposal was picked up by most Slovene parties, and a mass mobilization of Slovene civil society, known as the Declaration Movement, followed.[62] This proposal was rejected by the Austrian political elites but, following the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in the aftermath of the First World War, a National Council of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs took power in Zagreb on 6 October 1918. On 29 October, independence was declared by a national gathering in Ljubljana, and by the Croatian parliament, declaring the establishment of the new State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs.On 1 December 1918 the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs merged with Serbia, becoming part of the new Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes; in 1929 it was renamed as the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The main territory of Slovenia, being the most industrialized and westernized compared to other less developed parts of Yugoslavia, became the main center of industrial production: in comparison to Serbia, for example, in Slovenia the industrial production was four times greater, and it was twenty-two times greater than in Macedonia. The interwar period brought further industrialization in Slovenia, with a rapid economic growth in the 1920s, followed by a relatively successful economic adjustment to the 1929 economic crisis and Great Depression.a plebiscite in October 1920, the Slovene-speaking southern Carinthia was ceded to Austria. With the Treaty of Trianon, on the other hand, the Kingdom of Yugoslavia was awarded the Slovene-inhabited Prekmurje region, formerly part of Austro-Hungary.Slovenes living in territories that fell under the rule of the neighboring states: Italy, Austria and Hungary, were subjected to policies of forced assimilation. In the case of Fascist Italy, they suffered violent Fascist Italianization.
Images Pics Photos Wallpapers Pictures
Images Pics Photos Wallpapers Pictures
Images Pics Photos Wallpapers Pictures
Images Pics Photos Wallpapers Pictures
Images Pics Photos Wallpapers Pictures
Images Pics Photos Wallpapers Pictures
Images Pics Photos Wallpapers Pictures
Images Pics Photos Wallpapers Pictures
Images Pics Photos Wallpapers Pictures
Images Pics Photos Wallpapers Pictures
Images Pics Photos Wallpapers Pictures
No comments:
Post a Comment